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A.A. Macdonell – Vedic mythology {1897} Contents: I. Introduction: 1. Religion and mythology. 2. Characteristics of Vedic mythology. 3. Sources of Vedic mythology. 4. Method to be pursued. 5. The Avesta and Vedic mythology. 6. Comparative mythology. II. Vedic conceptions of the world and its origin: 1. Cosmology. 2. Cosmogony. 3. Origin of Gods and men. III. The Vedic Gods: General character and classification. IV. Mythical priests and heroes. V. Animals and inanimate objects. VI. Demons and fiends. VII. Eschatology. Index.    “History of Vedic Mythology occupies a very important position in the study of the history of religions. Its oldest source presents to us an earlier stage in the evolution of beliefs based on the personification and worship of natural phenomena, than any other literary monument of the world. To this oldest phase can be traced by uninterrupted development the germs of the religious beliefs of the great majority of the modern Indians, the only branch of the Indo-European race in which its original nature worship has not been entirely supplanted many centuries ago by a foreign monotheistic faith. The earliest stage of Vedic mythology is not so primitive as was at one time supposed, but it is sufficiently primitive to enable us to see clearly enough the process of personification by which natural phenomena developed into Gods, a process not apparent in other literatures; the mythology, no less than the language, is still transparent enough in many cases to show the connection both of the God and his name with a physical basis; nay, in several instances the anthropomorphism is only incipient. Thus usas, the dawn, is also a Goddess wearing but a thin veil of personification; and when agni, fire, designates the God, the personality of the deity is thoroughly interpenetrated by the physical element.”